Il linguaggio come «fenomeno». L'esperienza linguistica tra Saussure e la fenomenologia

Abstract

The article aims to investigate the articulation between experience of language, the speaking subject and semiotic expression, in Saussure and Merleau-Ponty. Central thesis of the work is that the understanding of the relationship between langage and the langues does not pass only through the tension between the generality of language and linguistic diversity, but also through an understanding of the invariant structures that define the collective intelligence and education in which the individual language is involved. The study of the relationship between langage, langue and acte de parole means that you can not reduce the plot of this relationship to the dichotomy: the diversity of languages versus uniqueness of language, but that typological analysis of linguistic entities, it is necessary to combine the analysis of language awareness who experiences herself as the speaker. Language, then, is seen as a structure of perception of the world hinge between perceptual experience and that of social and symbolic expression. Saussure, in this interpretation, we discover along with Merleau-Ponty, a strict "phenomenology of language," as a human being and as a social being.