La logica delle emozioni: una teoria che precorre le scoperte neuroscientifiche
Abstract
Piecing together the scattered fragments of Peirce’s sign theory it is possible to form what to be a comprehensive emotion theory, coherent with an actual neuroscience theory of emotion, because in his emotion theory the emotion’s role is relevant to memory, apprehension, cognition and evaluation. An emotion is a legisign because every emotion has certain law-like features, it has a pattern unrolling over a period of time, it exists only through instances and is a system of explanation, because exists through instances or replicas, as tokens to a type. Peirce held that the immediate object of a sign, or the object under a specific description, is relative to circumstances of time and place and it is easily identifiable in expressions of emotion. The dynamic object of an emotion as sign could only be known, by the ideal completion of an investigation revealing the class of all things giving rise to a particular emotion and the emotion products a dynamic affect. Interpretants are immediate and dynamic, and can be emotional, energetic, or logical, but the first for importance is the emotional interpretant. Peirce’s contributions to emotion, sentiment, perception, sensation, habit, consciousness, cognition, and community were both highly original and heavily influenced by the main intellectual currents of his time.References
BEDFORD, E. (1957), «Emotions», in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 57, pp. 281–304.
BEESON, R.J. (2008), Peirce on the passions: The role of instinct, emotion, and sentiment in inquiry and action, University of South Florida in http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1133&context=etd.
BRENT, J. (1993), Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
CANNON, W.B. (1927), «The James-Lange theory of emotion: A critical examination and an alternative theory», in American Journal of Psychology, 39, pp.106–24.
COLAPIETRO, V. (2003), «C.S. Peirce’s Critique of Psychologism», in J. Dale, Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
DAMASIO, A.R. (1994), Descartes’ Error. Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain (tr. it. L’errore di Cartesio. Emozione, ragione e cervello umano, Adelphi, Milano 1997).
DAMASIO, A.R. (1999), The Feeling of What Happens. Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (tr. it. Emozione e coscienza, Adelphi, Milano 2000).
DAMASIO, A.R. (2003), Looking for Spinoza. Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain (tr. it. Alla ricerca di Spinoza. Emozioni, sentimenti e cervello, Adelphi, Milano 2003).
DARWIN, C. (1872), The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (tr. it. L’espressione delle emozioni nell’uomo e negli animali, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2012).
DIXON, T. (2003), The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
DIXON, T. (2003), From Passions to Emotions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
EKMAN, P., FRIESEN, W.V. (1978), Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press Inc., Palo Alto.
FADDA, E. (2014), “La bella Melusina della favola”. Charles S. Peirce e l’Eros, in Atti del IX Convegno Internazionale Interdisciplinare su Testo, metodo, elaborazione elettronica.
Erotismo, a cura di Anita Viola, Andrea Lippolis Editore, Catania, pp.105-116.
FISKE, S.T. (2009), Envy Up and Contempt Down. Neural and Emotional Signatures of Social Hierarchies, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
FRIJDA, N.H. (1994), Emotions are functional, most of the time, in The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions, ed. by P. Ekman, R.J. Davidson, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 112-22.
GIBSON, J.J. (1950), The Perception of the Visual World, Riverside Press, Cambridge (MA).
GIBSON, J.J. (1979), The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (tr. it. Un approccio ecologico alla percezione visiva, il Mulino, Bologna 1999).
GOLDMAN, A.I., SRIPADA, C.S. (2005), «Simulationist models of face-based emotion recognition», in Cognition, 94, pp. 193-213.
GREENE, J.D., SOMMERVILLE, R.B., NYSTROM, L.E., DARLEY, J.M. & COHEN, J.D. (2001), «An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment’», in Science, 293, pp. 2105–2.
GREENSPAN, P. (1988), Emotions and Reasons, Routledge, New York.
GRIFFITHS, P.E. (1997), What Emotions Really Are, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
HATFIELD, E., CACIOPPO, J. & RAPSON, R.L. (1984), Emotional Contagion, Cambridge University Press, New York.
IZARD, C.E. (1991), The psychology of emotions, Plenum, New York.
JAMES, W. (1884), «What is an emotion?», in Mind, 9, pp. 188-205.
JAMES, W. (1887), «What is an instinct?», in Scribner’s Magazine, 1, pp. 355-365.
KANDEL, E.R. (2005), Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and the New Biology of Mind (tr. it. Psichiatria, psicoanalisi e nuova biologia della mente, Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2007).
KANT, E., (1798), Antropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht (tr. it. Antropologia pragmatica, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2006).
KOSSLYN, S. M. (1994), Image and Brain: The Resolution of the Imagery Debate, MIT Press, Cambridge (MA).
KRUSE, F.E. (2005), «Emotion in Musical Meaning: A Peircean Solution to Langer's Dualism», in Indiana University Press, 41, 4, Fall, 2005.
LANGE, C.G. (1885), Om Sindsbevaegelser: Et Psyko-fysiologisk Studie, Kjbenhavn: Jacob Lunds. Reprinted in The Emotions, ed. C. G. Lange and W. James, trans. I. A. Haupt. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1922.
LANGER, S. (2007), «Placing Langer's Philosophical Project», in Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 21,1, pp. 4-15.
LAZARUS, R.S. (1991), Emotion and Adaptation, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
LEDOUX, J.E. (1995), «Emotion: clues from the brain», in Annual Review of Psychology, 46, pp. 209-35.
LEDOUX, J.E. (1996), The Emotional Brain, Simon and Schuster, New York.
OATLEY, K. (2004), Emotions. A Brief History (tr. it. Breve storia delle emozioni, il Mulino, Bologna 2007).
PANKSEPP, J. (2012), The Archaeology of Mind: Neuroevolutionary Origins of Human Emotion, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
PANKSEPP, J. (1998), Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions, Oxford University Press, New York.
PEIRCE, C.S. (1969), «Some consequences of four incapacities”Alcune conseguenze di quattro incapacità», in Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 1969 (tr.it. Alcune conseguenze di quattro incapacità, in C.S. Peirce, Scritti scelti, UTET, Torino, pp. 107-143).
PEIRCE, C.S. (1878), «How to make our ideas clear», in Popular Science Monthly 12, pp. 286-302, ristampato in ID. (1931-1959), Collected Papers (C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss eds. voll. I–VI; A.W. Burks ed. voll. VII–VIII), vol. V, The Belknap Press, Cambridge, tr. it. in ID., Opere, a c. di M. Bonfantini, Bompiani, Milano 2003.
PEIRCE, C.S. (1907), Pragmatism (tr. it. Pragmatismo e oltre, Bompiani, Milano 2000).
PIERCE, C.S. (1898), Philosophy and the Conduct of Life (tr. it. La filosofia e la condotta di vita, in Scritti scelti , UTET, Torino 2005, pp. 231-252).
PRINZ, J.J. (2004), Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion, Oxford University Press, New York.
PRINZ, J.J. (2005a), «Are emotions feelings?», in Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12(8–10), pp. 9–25.
PRINZ, J.J. (2005b), «Emotions, embodiment, and awareness»», in Emotions: Conscious and Unconscious, ed. P. Niedenthal, L. Feldman-Barrett, & P. Winkielman, Guilford, New York.
PRINZ, J.J. (2005c), «‘A neurofunctional theory of consciousness», in Cognition and the Brain: Philosophy and Neuroscience Movement, ed. A. Brook & K. Akins, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
SAVAN, D. (1981), «Peirce’s semiotic theory of emotion», in Proceedings of the C.S. Peirce Bicentennial International Congress, eds. (tr. it. La teoria semiotica delle passioni secondo Peirce, in Semiotica delle passioni, a cura di Isabella Pezzini, Esculapio, Bologna 1991).
SOLOMON, R.C. (1976), The Passions, Doubleday, New York.
STEPHENS, G.L. (1981), «Cognition and Emotion in Peirce’s Theory of Mental Activity», in Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, pp. 134-151.
TURRI, M.G. (2011), Gli oggetti che popolano il mondo, Carocci, Roma.
TURRI, M.G. (2012), Biologicamente sociali, culturalmente individualisti, Mimesis, Milano-Udine.
TWARDOWSKI, K. (1894), Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen, Holder (tr. it. Sulla dottrina del contenuto e dell’oggetto delle rappresentazioni:una ricerca psicologica, in Contenuto e oggetto, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 1988).
Works published in RIFL are released under Creative Commons Licence:Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
