Unger’s Epistemic Condition for Illocutionary Acts and Hinge Certainty

  • Lisa Paravan
Keywords: Scepticism, Certainty, Illocutionary Acts, Assertion, Hinge Epistemology

Abstract

This paper explores Peter Unger’s scepticism, focusing on his analysis of knowledge and his articulation of knowledge as a condition for assertion. The paper pursues two primary objectives: first, to provide a comprehensive and charitable interpretation of Unger’s radical claims, contextualizing them within the initial phase of his work spanning the seventies and early eighties. Second, it aims to shed light on the problematic implications arising from a knowledge condition for assertion, particularly when certainty – as characterized in Unger’s view – is considered necessary for knowledge. The concluding remarks suggest a strategy to avoid these challenges, by proposing an alternative understanding of certainty and knowledge, aligning with recent developments of hinge epistemology.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Austin, John L. (1946), «Other Minds», in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, vol. 20, pp. 148-187.

Austin, John L. (1962), How to Do Things with Words, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Benton, Matthew A. (2024), Knowledge is the Norm of Assertion, in Roeber, Blake, Sosa, Ernst, Steup, Matthias, Turri, John, edited by, Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, 3rd edition, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 329-339.

Benton, Matthew A., van Elswyk, Peter (2018), Hedged Assertion, in Goldberg, Sanford C. edited by, The Oxford Handbook of Assertion, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 244-263.

Coliva, Annalisa (2010), Moore and Wittgenstein. Scepticism, Certainty and Common Sense, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York.

Coliva, Annalisa (2015), Extended Rationality: A Hinge Epistemology, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York.

Coliva, Annalisa (2016), «Which Hinge Epistemology?», in International Journal for the Study of Skepticism, vol. 6, n. 2-3, pp. 79-96.

Coliva, Annalisa (2021), “I Know”, “I know”, “I know”. Hinge Epistemology, Invariantism, and Skepticism, in Kyriacou, Christos, Wallbridge, Kevin, edited by, Skeptical Invariantism Reconsidered, Routledge, New York and London, pp. 213-234.

Coliva, Annalisa (2022), Which Hinge Epistemology between Animal, Biscopic and Constitutivist?, in Sandis, Constantine, Moyal-Sharrock, Danièle, edited by, Extending Hinge Epistemology, Anthem, London, pp. 51-70.

Coliva, Annalisa, Pritchard, Duncan (2022), Skepticism, Routledge, London and New York.

Davidson, Donald (1984), «Communication and Convention», in Synthese, vol. 59, n. 1, pp. 3-17.

Green, Mitchell S. (2007), Self-expression, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.

Heritage, John (2013), Epistemics in Conversation, in Sidnell, Jack, Stivers, Tanya, edited by, The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, Chichester UK, pp. 370-394.

Kober, Michael (1996), Certainties of a World-Picture: The Epistemological Investigations of On Certainty, in Sluga, Hans, Stern, David G., edited by, The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 411-441.

Kober, Michael (2005), ‘In the Beginning was the Deed’: Wittgenstein on Knowledge and Religion, in Moyal-Sharrock, Danièle, Brenner, William H. edited by, Readings of Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York, pp. 225-250.

Marsili, Neri (2018), «Truth and Assertion: Rules vs Aims», in Analysis, vol. 78, n. 4, pp. 638-648.

Marsili, Neri (2024), «Truth: The Rule or the Aim of Assertion?», in Episteme, vol. 21, n. 1, pp. 263-269.

Marsili, Neri, Wiegmann, Alex (2021), «Should I say that? An experimental investigation of the norm of assertion», in Cognition, vol. 212, n.4, 104657.

Moyal-Sharrock, Danièle (2004), Understanding Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York.

Moyal-Sharrock, Danièle (2005), Unravelling Certainty, in Moyal-Sharrock, Danièle, Brenner, William H., edited by, Readings of Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York, pp. 76-99.

Moyal-Sharrock, Danièle, Pritchard, Duncan (2024), Wittgenstein on Knowledge and Certainty, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Pagin, Peter, Marsili, Neri (2021), «Assertion», in Zalta, Edward N., edited by, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/assertion/

Pozzi, Mélinda, Mazzarella, Diana (2024), «Speaker trustworthiness: Shall confidence match evidence?», in Philosophical Psychology, vol. 37, n. 1, pp. 102-125.

Pritchard, Duncan (2008), «Certainty and Scepticism», in Philosophical Issues, vol. 18, pp. 58-67.

Sbisà, Marina (2018), Assertion among the Speech Acts, in Goldberg Sanford C., edited by, The Oxford Handbook of Assertion, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 158-178.

Schönbaumsfeld, Genia (2016), «‘Hinge Propositions’ and the ‘Logical’ Exclusion of Doubt», in International Journal for the Study of Skepticism, vol. 6, n. 2-3, pp. 165-181.

Schönbaumsfeld, Genia (2021), ‘Logical’ and ‘Epistemic’ Uses of ‘to Know’ or ‘Hinges’ as Logical Enabling Conditions, in Kyriacou, Christos, Wallbridge, Kevin, edited by, Skeptical Invariantism Reconsidered, Routledge, New York and London, pp. 235-251.

Searle, John R. (1969), Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Searle, John R. (2011), «Wittgenstein and the Background», in American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 48, n. 2, pp. 119-128.

Slote, Michael (1979), Assertion and Belief, in Baldwin, Tom, Dancy, Jonathan, edited by, Papers on Language and Logic, Keele University Library, Keele, pp. 177-191.

Stanley, Jason (2008), «Knowledge and Certainty», in Philosophical Issues, vol. 18, pp. 35-57.

Turri, John (2017), «Experimental Work on the Norms of Assertion», in Philosophy Compass, vol. 12, n. 7, e12425.

Unger, Peter K. (1975a), A Skeptical Problem about Representation, in Freed, Bruce, Marras, Ausonio, Maynard, Patrick, edited by, Forms of Representation. Proceedings of the 1972 Philosophy Colloquium of the University of Western Ontario, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam and Oxford, pp. 141-157.

Unger, Peter K. (1975b), Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Unger, Peter K. (1979a), «There Are No Ordinary Things», in Synthese, vol. 41, n. 2, pp. 117-154.

Unger, Peter K. (1979b), I Do Not Exist, in Macdonald, Graham F., edited by, Perception and Identity, The Macmillan Press, London and Basingstoke, pp. 235-251.

Unger, Peter K. (1979c), «Why There Are No People», in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 4, n. 1, pp. 177-222.

Unger, Peter K. (1980), «Skepticism and Nihilism», in Noûs, vol. 14, n. 4, pp. 517-545.

Unger, Peter K. (1984), Philosophical Relativity, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Unger, Peter K. (1986), «The Cone Model of Knowledge», in Philosophical Topics, vol. 14, n. 1, pp. 125-178.

Unger, Peter K. (2014), Empty Ideas: A Critique of Analytic Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York.

Williamson, Timothy (2000), Knowledge and its Limits, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1969), Über Gewissheit (On Certainty, transl. by P. Denis, G. E. M. Anscombe, Harper & Row, New York, Hagerstown, San Francisco and London, 1972).

Wolgast, Elizabeth (1987), «Whether Certainty Is a Form of Life», in The Philosophical Quarterly (1950-), vol. 37, n. 147, pp. 151-165.

Published
2025-02-26
How to Cite
Paravan, L. (2025) “Unger’s Epistemic Condition for Illocutionary Acts and Hinge Certainty”, Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 18(2). doi: 10.4396/2024206.