Alle origini di un’analogia: la parola come pharmakon
Parole chiave:
Logos, pharmakon, rhetoric, medicine, ambivalence
Abstract
Starting from the well known analogy between logoi and pharmaka that concludes the final section of Gorgias’ Encomium of Helen, I try to reconstruct the theoretical and cultural context in which it is inserted. Against this background it is possible to highlight the novelty of the gorgianic use of the analogy. The most substantial novelty introduced by Gorgias concerns the ambivalent nature of discourse and its effects. Just like pharmaka human discourses can be both a cure and a poison and we, as citizens, have no possibilities of a preventive “immunization” against their effects. Acquiring a technē logōn thus becomes the most important resource available to us to exercise citizenship in a responsible way.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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Marzullo, Benedetto (1993), I sofismi di Prometeo, La Nuova Italia, Firenze.
Perilli, Lorenzo (1991), «Il lessico intellettuale di Ippocrate: sēmainein e tekmairesthai», in Lexicon Philosophicum, vol. 5, pp. 153-180.
Provenza, Antonietta (2016), La medicina delle Muse. La musica come cura nella Grecia antica, Carocci, Roma.
Ricciardelli Apicella, Gabriella (1994), «La tragedia di Fedra. L’aidōs e il pharmakon», in Rivista di cultura classica e medievale, vol. 36, pp. 141-159.
Roth, Adam R. (2008), Reciprocal influences between rhetoric and medicine in ancient Greece, PhD Dissertation, The University of Iowa.
Segal, Charles P. (1962), «Gorgias and the Psychology of the Logos», in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 66, pp. 99-155.
Segal, Charles P. (1993), Euripides and the Poetics of Sorrow, Duke University Press, Durham.
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Wardy, Robert (1996), The Birth of Rhetoric, Routledge, London.
Bartoš, Hynek (2015), Philosophy and Dietetics in the Hippocratic On Regimen. A Delicate Balance of Health, Brill, Leiden.
Caspers, Christiaan L. (2011), Healing Speech, Wandering Names, Contests of Words. Ideas about language in Euripides, PhD dissertation, Leiden Universiteit.
Cole, Thomas (1991), The Origins of Rhetoric in Ancient Greece, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Cross, James R. (2017), Hippocratic Oratory. The Poetics of Early Greek Medical Prose, Routledge, London.
de Romilly, Jacqueline (1976), Magic and Rhetoric in Ancient Greece, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA).
Di Piazza Salvatore, Piazza, Francesca (2016), «The words of conjecture. Semiotics and epistemology in ancient medicine and rhetoric», in Rhetorica, vol. XXXIV, n. 1, pp. 1-26.
Ford, Andrew (2002), The Origins of Criticism. Literary Culture and Poetic Theory in Classical Greece, Princeton University Press, Princeton (NJ).
Furley, William D. (1992), «Antiphon der Athener: Ein Sophist als Psychotherapeut?», in Rheinisches Museum, vol. 3-4, pp. 198-215.
Griffith, Mark (1977), The Authenticity of Prometheus Bound, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Goff, Barbara (1990), The noose of words. Readings of desire, violence and language in Euripides’ Hippolytos, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Holmes, Brooke (2010), The Symptom and the Subject. The Emergence of Physical Body in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press, Princeton (NJ).
Hourcade, Annie (2009), Atomisme et Sophistique, La tradition abdéritaine, Ousia, Bruxelles.
Ioli, Roberta (2013), Gorgia. Testimonianze e frammenti, Carocci, Roma.
Karp, Andrew (1996), «The Disease of Inflexibility in Aeschylus’ “Prometheus Bound”», in Mediterranean Studies, vol. 6, pp. 1-12.
Lain Entralgo, Pedro (1970), The Therapy of the Word in Classical Antiquity, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Long, Anthony A. (2015), Greek Models of Mind and Self, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) (La mente, l’anima, il corpo. Modelli greci, trad. di M. Bonazzi, Einaudi, Torino, 2016).
Lo Presti Roberto, Marino Silvio (2011), «Dialeghestai: fisiologia di un atto. Interazioni fra lessico medico e lessico filosofico fra V e IV secolo (Corpus Hippocraticum e Platone)», in Journal of Ancient Philosophy, vol. 5, n. 2, pp. 1-41.
Mann, Joel E. (2012), Hippocrates: On the Art of Medicine, Brill, Leiden.
Marino, Silvio (2019), Il corpo del dialogo. Una teoria della comunicazione a partire dal Protagora di Platone e dal Corpus Hippocraticum, Paolo Loffredo, Napoli.
Marzullo, Benedetto (1993), I sofismi di Prometeo, La Nuova Italia, Firenze.
Perilli, Lorenzo (1991), «Il lessico intellettuale di Ippocrate: sēmainein e tekmairesthai», in Lexicon Philosophicum, vol. 5, pp. 153-180.
Provenza, Antonietta (2016), La medicina delle Muse. La musica come cura nella Grecia antica, Carocci, Roma.
Ricciardelli Apicella, Gabriella (1994), «La tragedia di Fedra. L’aidōs e il pharmakon», in Rivista di cultura classica e medievale, vol. 36, pp. 141-159.
Roth, Adam R. (2008), Reciprocal influences between rhetoric and medicine in ancient Greece, PhD Dissertation, The University of Iowa.
Segal, Charles P. (1962), «Gorgias and the Psychology of the Logos», in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. 66, pp. 99-155.
Segal, Charles P. (1993), Euripides and the Poetics of Sorrow, Duke University Press, Durham.
Serra, Mauro (2017), Retorica, argomentazione, democrazia. Per una filosofia politica del linguaggio, Aracne, Roma.
Serra, Mauro (2018), «La scena originaria. Argomentazione, retorica e medicina a partire dal Gorgia di Platone», in Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, vol. 12, n. 1, pp. 5-17.
Wardy, Robert (1996), The Birth of Rhetoric, Routledge, London.
Pubblicato
2021-07-20
Come citare
Serra, M. (2021) «Alle origini di un’analogia: la parola come pharmakon», Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 15(1). doi: 10.4396/20210602.
Sezione
Articles
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